CLINCAL CONDITIONS ASSOCIATED WITH FREE RADICAL ATTACK

Clinical Condition	Dr TÓTH IBOLYA Free Radical (FR) association	Reported effects of Antioxidant treatment	RANDOX TESTS
			TAS	SOD	GPx	Others
Cancer	·    FRs act as cancer promoters causing DNA strands to unravel ·    Mobilisation of calcium stores ·    Lipid peroxidation	·    Low antioxidant levels in cancer patients ·    Antioxidant supplementation reduces cancer incidence ·    Antioxidants may alleviate chemotherapy side effects of chemotherapy	Low	Altered	Low	Altered
Cardiovascular disease (CVD)	·    FRs oxidase LDL causing deposition in the vessel wall and the formation of foam cells ·    FRs promote platelet aggregation	·    Antioxidant supplementation reduces incidence of CVD	Low	Low	Low	Low
Diabetes Mellitus	·    FRs attack B-cells of pancreas ·    Impaired ascorbate metabolism ·    High levels of dehydroascorbate which acts as a neurotoxin	·    Nicotinamide protects islet cells ·    Low vitamin C levels reported ·    Vitamin C supplementation improves blood glucose levels	Low	Altered	Altered	No evidence
Inflammatory disease	·    FRs act directly as cellular messengers and elicit an immune response ·    FRs activate enzyme systems	·    Antioxidant supplementation alleviates inflammation ·    Low antioxidants reported in patients with inflammatory disease	Low	Low	Low	Low
Infertility	·    Infertility is linked with elevated FRs	·    Vitamin E supplementation improves sperm function	Low	High	Low	High
Renal disease	·    Renal dialysis removes many small molecules with antioxidant activity ·    Increased lipid peroxidation	·    Low vitamin E levels reported	Low	Low	Low	Low
Cataracts	·    Increased lipid peroxidation ·    Protein degradation which deposit on the surface of the lens causing opacities	·    Vitamin C supplementation reduces the incidence of cataracts	Low	Low	Low	No evidence
Ageing	·    FRs accumulate in mitochondria ·    Lipid and protein oxidation ·    Activation of enzymes	·    Antioxidant levels are reduced with age	Low	Low	Low	No evidence
Neurological disease	·    H2O2 produced as a byproduct of dopamine metabolism in Parkinson’ s disease ·    Increased lipid peroxidation ·    Deposition of amorphous protein	·    Reduced levels of glutathione ·    SOD linked to chromosome 21 in Down’s Syndrome patients ·    Reduced vitamin levels	Altered	Altered	Altered	No evidence
Liver disease	·    Accumulation of hepatotoxic components ·    Hypoalbiminaemia ·    Impaired absorption of fatty acids	·    Vitamin deficiency	Low	High	Low	Low
Lung disease	·    Oxygen rich environment in lungs predisposes tissue to FRs ·    Stimulation of phagocytic cells	·    Antioxidant treatment protects against disease ·    Aerosol application of antioxidants	Low	Low	Low	Low
Infectious diseases	·    Elevated FR levels at sites of infection ·    Induction of cytokine production ·    Activation of virus replication	·    Low glutathione levels reported ·    Glutathione supplementation reduces HIV expression ·    Vitamin C supplementation may improve clinical conditions in AIDS patients	No evidence	Low	Low	Low
Transplantation	·    Elevated superoxide levels ·    Increased xanthine oxidase activity	·    Antioxidant supplementation improves the outcome of kidney and heart transplants ·    Reduced incidence of rejection when transplant organs are stored in antioxidant solutions	No evidence	No evidence	Low	Low